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Limited alignments ARF/Law of the
Asian as well as other key states have actively sought diplomatic en- gagement with China at multilateral and regional forums, at internation- al institutions such as the UN, WTO, World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, ASEAN Regional Forum, East Asia Summit, APEC, G-20, BRICS, and at other venues dealing with specific issue areas.
They have instead increased eco- nomic interdependence with China and have engaged it in many re- gional institutional frameworks such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the Shanghai Coop- eration Organization.13 They have also joined Chinese-sponsored insti- tutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Development Bank and President Xi's New Silk Road or the Belt and Road initiative (BRI).
Eligible states (those that are affected and have the potential to develop balanc- ing coalitions) have responded to its rise with soft balancing and in- creasingly with limited hard balancing, especially through institutional means such as the ARF.
The ASEAN states' strategy toward China has involved institutional en- gagement through forums such as the ARF, processes such as the ASEAN Plus Three (China, Japan, and South Korea) grouping, and the Chiang Mai initiative.
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